1851 Census HO107/1863 FOLIO 260
Description of Enumeration District
County and Parliamentary Division of
Devon Southern Division
Superintendent Registrar's District Honiton 280
Registrar's District Honiton 1
No. of Enumeration District 11c
All that part of the parish
of Upottery and part of Town Tything as lie between the River Otter and the
Turnpike Road called the Honiton and Taunton Road leading from Honiton to
Taunton from the Bridge between Rawridge and Upottery Town in a South Easterly
direction to Churchenford and from thence in an Easterly direction to the
extreme boundaries of the Parish down to the River Otter.
The following
table shows the consecutive households on that part of the Census Enumerator's round between Phillishays Farm and Little Ulcumbe.
Head:
LEARY, Benjamin Neighbors 6171
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation Birthplace
Benjamin LEARY
Head M 45 M Tailor
Bolem...-Devonshire
Elizabeth LEARY
Wife M 43 F Tailoress
Bolem...-Devonshire
Mary LEARY
Daur - 10 F
Scholar Bolem...-Devonshire
Martha LEARY
Daur - 7 F
Scholar Bolem...-Devonshire
Anna LEARY
Daur - 6 F
Scholar Bolem...-Devonshire
Elizabeth LEARY
Daur - 3 F
--- Bolem...-Devonshire
Sarah LEARY
Daur - 1m F
--- Bolem...-Devonshire
Address: Phillishays
Farm, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton, Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 264 Page:
2 FHL Film: 0221011
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Head: HARNER, William Neighbors
6172
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation
Birthplace
William
HARNER Head M 61 M Farm
Labourer Stockland-Devonshire
Elizabeth
HARNER Wife M 62 F --- Yarcombe-Devonshire
Jamer HARNER Son - 19 M Farm Labourer Upottery-Devonshire
Sarah HARNER Daur - 17 F --- Upottery-Devonshire
Address: Cottage, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton,
Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 264 Page: 3 FHL Film: 0221011
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Head:
PARKHOUSE, John
Neighbors 6173
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation
Birthplace
John
PARKHOUSE Head M 78 M Pauper/Farm
Labourer Upottery-Devonshire
Sarah
PARKHOUSE Wife M 82 F --- Dunkeswell-Devonshire
Address: Cottage, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton,
Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 264 Page: 3 FHL Film: 0221011 |
Jacob Parkhouse’s son, John. His first wife, Miriam Pool, “died in the prime
of life of a fever, buried 10 Apr 1808 |
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Head: PROWES, Ann Neighbors
6174
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation
Birthplace
Ann PROWES Head U 30 F Seamstress Churchstanton-Devonshire
William
PROWES Son - 12 M --- Upottery-Devonshire
George PROWES Son - 6 M Scholar Upottery-Devonshire
Charles
PROWES Son - 4 M Scholar Upottery-Devonshire
Ann PROWES Daur - 1 F --- Upottery-Devonshire
Isaac
PARKHOUSE Lodg U 63 M Mason Upottery-Devonshire
Address: Stone Cott, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton,
Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 264 Page: 3 FHL Film: 0221011
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The surname is PROWER.
Jacob
Parkhouse’s son, Isaac could well be the father of the unmarried Ann Prower's children. |
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Head: PARKHOUSE, Samuel Neighbors
6175
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation
Birthplace
Samuel
PARKHOUSE Head M 39 M Mason Upottery-Devonshire
Elizabeth
PARKHOUSE Wife M 42 F --- Churchstanton-Devonshire
John
PARKHOUSE Son - 19 M Masons
Labourer Upottery-Devonshire
Mary
PARKHOUSE Daur - 16 F --- Upottery-Devonshire
William
PARKHOUSE Son - 13 M Shoemaker Upottery-Devonshire
Samuel
PARKHOUSE Son - 11 M --- Upottery-Devonshire
Address: Parkhouses Cottage, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton,
Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 264 Page: 3 FHL Film: 0221011 |
Jacob
Parkhouse’s illegitimate son, Samuel, by Sarah Clapp, his deceased wife’s sister,
bap 5 June 1808 at Upottery, who married Elizabeth Smith 18 Mar 1834 at Churchstanton. |
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Head: CLAPP, Sarah Neighbors
6176
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation
Birthplace
Sarah
CLAPP Head U 50 F --- Upottery-Devonshire
Mary Ann CLAPP Daur - 19 F Seamstress Upottery-Devonshire
Charlotte
CLAPP Daur - 13 F --- Upottery-Devonshire
Mary Jane
CLAPP GDau - 8m F --- Upottery-Devonshire
Robert
BROMFIEL Lodg U 47 M Farm
Labourer Upottery-Devonshire
Address: Cottage, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton,
Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 265 Page: 4 FHL Film: 0221011 |
Jacob
Parkhouse’s illegitimate daughter, Sarah, by Sarah Clapp, his deceased
wife’s sister, bap 25 Dec 1800 at Upottery.
It
would appear that Mary Ann, bap not found, and Charlotte, bap 15 April
1838, were also illegitimate. Perhaps
Robert Bromfield was the father? Who the
parents of granddaughter Mary Jane were is not clear, but if Sarah Clapp only had the
two children, then the mother might be her eldest daughter, Mary Ann. |
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Head: DRAKE, Robert Neighbors
6177
Name Relationship Mar Age
Sex Occupation
Birthplace
Robert DRAKE Head U 23 M Dairyman ... Upottery-Devonshire
Mary DRAKE Sis - 17 F Housekeeper Upottery-Devonshire
Address:
Little Ulcombe, Honiton
Census Place: Upottery Honiton,
Devonshire
PRO Reference: HO/107/1863 Folio: 265 Page: 4 FHL Film: 0221011
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The area in Upottery, Devon, between Phillishayes Farm and Ullcombe where
the above cottages, including Parkhouses Cottage, must have been according to the 1851 census enumerator’s
notes.
The Turnpike road is the red-coloured one.
The same area using Google Earth |
Since Jacob Parkhouse had died (4 October 1839) just 12 years before the 1851 census was taken, it is possible that one of these homes is where he had lived, perhaps the
one inhabited by Samuel and Elizabeth Parkhouse called "Parkhouses Cottage". However,
the exact location of this group of cottages is not yet clear. Any information,
suggestions even, on this would be much appreciated.
It is likely that the cottage would not be what we
would today call a cottage and perhaps, being less substantial, probably
thatched, made of cob and with an earth floor, it has not
survived. One wonders if he paid rent or was it something he erected himself?
The Otter Valley location suggests that the land upon which it stood was not
waste or heathland because all such land in Devon had already been enclosed:
"...Devon has long been recognised as one of the earliest counties to be
enclosed and that, with rare exceptions, the arable land was probably wholly
enclosed by Elizabethan times". [The Reclamation of the Waste in Devon,
1550-1800 W. G. Hoskins
The Economic History Review, Vol. 13, No. 1/2 (1943), pp. 80-92] The
presumption then is that the 1819 (59 Geo 3) Rawridge and Upottery (Devon)
Inclosure Act affected only the moorland and heath-land around Upottery.
There is the possibility that Jacob Parkhouse or his forebears, like many
others, suffered as a result of the Enclosures, losing a measure of
independence:
"Each enclosure required an Act of Parliament and Commissioners were
appointed to investigate the various claims, each man receiving in a single
block roughly the same area as the total area of his strips in the open-fields.
The cottager, having survived the scrutiny of the Commissioners, discovered that
he not only had to pay his share of the legal costs of the enclosure procedure
but also had to put up a fence around his land to confirm its enclosure. The
cost of this was beyond many cottagers and this, coupled with the fact that they
either lacked the means to work their new land economically or that the land
allocated to them was unsuitable for the crops they needed and grew in the open
fields, resulted in many selling their holding to the wealthier holders. Also
many of the squatters, who had in previous years cultivated some land on the
outskirts of the village, were evicted, having no kind of legal right. Thousands
were subsequently reduced to the status of landless labourers, many migrating
to the towns where they were absorbed into the growing industries. Those who did
stay in the country found that the new techniques increased the wealth of the
rich farmer but progressively made the labourer worse off. He could no longer
supplement his wages with garden produce from his holding in the open fields, or
graze his animals on the common lands, or collect fuel from the wastes."
[The English Country Cottage - R.J. Brown page 35 ISBN0099336200]
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